Experimental study of the antiulcer effect of cryopreserved placenta extract on a model of acetylsalicylic acid-induced ulcerogenesis

Abstract

Gatorotoxicity of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on the gastrointestinal tract is their leading side effect, which most limits their clinical use, among other types of their toxicity (nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, etc.). Cryopreserved placenta extract has drawn our attention as a potential modifier of the ulcerogenic action of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Purpose – to characterize the cytoprotective properties of cryopreserved placenta extract by the condition of the mucous membrane of the proximal (esophagus and stomach) and distal (small and large intestine) parts of the GI tract on the model of ASA-induced ulcerogenesis. Material and methods. The study was performed on 28 male rats weighing 200–220 g. Subchronic ASA-induced ulcerogenesis of the digestive tract was reproduced by intragastrically administration to rats of ASA in a dose of 150 mg/kg. The effect of the studied drugs on the condition of the mucous membrane of the digestive tract was assessed macroscopically by the following criteria: edema, redness and hemorrhage on the surface of the mucous membrane and calculated the ulcer index for each group of animals. Results and discussion. Five doses of ASA 150 mg/kg cause damage to the esophagus, stomach, thin and thick intestines in 100% of rats. The use of the proton pump inhibitor esomeprazole has pronounced gastrocytoprotective properties, but does not affect the ulcerogenic effect in the small intestine, and in the colon - enhances it. This is indicated by ulcerative lesions of the colon in 57.1% of rats administered ASA and esomeprazole. Mild hyperemia of the gastric mucosa in 28.6% of rats and moderate hemorrhage in 57.1% of rats were observed on the background of combined use of ASA and cryoextract placenta, however, in contrast to rats of the combined use of ASA and esomeprazole, on the background of cryoextraction edema and violation of the folding of the gastric mucosa. Conclusions. The use of cryopreserved placenta extract is statistically significantly (p<0.05) inferior to the antiulcer activity of esomeprazole in the stomach. Thus, the ulcer index on the background of the use of ASA and cryopreserved placenta extract was 0.97, and on the background of the use of ASA and esomeprazole – 0.39. In the distal parts of the GI tract cryoextract placenta showed cytoprotective properties against the background of induced ASA ulcerogenesis, in contrast to esomeprazole.