Thyroprotective properties of conditioned medium from mesenchymal stem cells in experimental autoimmune thyroiditis

Abstract

Thyroid disorders (TD) are among the most prevalent endocrine diseases, affecting over 10% of the adult population globally. These conditions significantly impact individuals’ health, contributing to a wide array of complications, including metabolic disturbances, cardiovascular issues, and infertility. Autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD), particularly Graves' disease and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, are among the most common forms of thyroid dysfunction. These disorders are characterized by an aberrant immune response targeting the thyroid gland, leading to either excessive or insufficient thyroid hormone production. Standard therapeutic interventions for hypothyroidism involve the supplementation of thyroid hormones to restore their levels to physiological concentrations. Although this approach remains effective, increasing interest has been directed toward alternative therapies, particularly biotechnological drugs that do not rely on cell-based products subjected to cryopreservation during production or prolonged storage. This shift in focus stems from the potential advantages of biotechnology-driven treatments, which may provide more targeted and sustainable therapeutic options for thyroid diseases.